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1 f9 U* ~; n8 k$ TTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网1 C' D* p( f, Q' D; Q' s" f8 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ O& D/ n! P9 [+ @0 j' Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
`+ g4 J4 z/ e' [' Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。# l3 r7 i4 |* u( B) a: gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：/ {% e0 [$ A$ Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* R: S% ^) |- @9 F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：1 P+ l" N' U4 x8 K3 f2 {
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, H; Q5 T# K# t/ S4 N: Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。0 N* ]( H! h* y5 i( c! K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：- L- W2 d1 O. b' W+ ]8 ?
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# `2 U; m1 I& _ r$ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。/ {) J6 `0 m7 O& _color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( v. n7 [) I$ Y. NTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;( L) M7 {, p1 e3 w1 {
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：1 X, J$ {# y: c, Y2 @6 d7 _6 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 o. Q8 Z2 Q+ X) Xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
( W. B! W, g1 c4 u7 Q- t( D3 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？ f0 U; _3 ]" @
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：9 l, m) j( W" M. B3 x
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: U/ ^ u2 T h L# l/ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 g0 V4 ~( ~) p- l% I' ccolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。8 L6 G, H9 ^2 A0 `; v( Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：) B O% f% a" l10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 m& U u% q+ r% M0 t3 M3 }) t0 Mmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
; a( `* l2 n+ p/ u) ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。$ M& n1 p! y( T5 Y* J10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 j5 k' D; @, [/ S. z8 d
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4 U1 s& ?' O6 y9 X: b- E. w$ f) n0 M umso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：; D7 ^, K: L. E5 S% d& X& Y" ^0pt">"2 A2 d) ^/ c9 p. S. _
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# [9 a6 p& V! o: FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。 Y" k9 l' _5 P3 Y% @mso-font-kerning:0pt">"' k) o" D3 S/ ]4 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" K2 ]& s7 y3 w; v" P( S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：" S3 i: D" _% D4 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"# X; \( i& W1 Q, I" n9 [+ M9 W
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' f( r! s! _0 t9 u9 y, p: Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢3 }3 S- Q4 `) g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 I8 W% N" r, j, G7 C) @& |5 D" u' Imso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 U! i9 Z' e$ a. ?0 e) s& [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。: R$ W# e7 k# M8 }) p- {
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$ e! I8 J7 _( E8 T5 S. Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是/ n: G+ `! W7 I) J+ K) `+ z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ ]( R+ w( B9 [" D( hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! H% H% v: D" Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违! O, Y5 }+ w7 ^+ x4 H2 G" V( O10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! b8 U: T0 n) x0 V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得6 S2 e9 K2 ?$ D1 U$ s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违- p7 b8 C2 _+ o( e) M; b4 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. U; L( `+ q) P
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6 V2 s1 h0 c) bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲+ {6 C9 P3 B0 p4 F8 w) ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ G. m# R2 S* f# Z: P+ M0 w2 R* B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，" b( ~7 ]4 @* ]' H1 ]% D7 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。& ^1 Z, t1 ~- l& U+ u' Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, V3 q; d; v- g, i0 W" L5 T* k: f2 Z
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3 w0 Q; F9 P% r" Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。# j# k( ~0 `. g3 {8 Q. H! {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% k( y/ p, J0 C2 P$ z' Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？ \7 _2 [" @7 C+ f! {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。5 ^; W9 J, I' [8 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义 T1 D3 ]& v L! E9 x4 @' s9 d* S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！' |# _7 l4 T" q y+ c. Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——! m" M. s, d. a2 f( H' Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, B* l$ `; J4 W. N) w8 G0 B' a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。- i7 B, x+ F; x( ~+ I$ Q2 i7 N! nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# s/ W5 i" F: ^ f- P5 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述- w! ^/ P6 [; W, m; U
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5 U: o: @' [2 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊% @+ W8 |5 A i, u- ]% O
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q$ ?# h' g3 Y7 h4 G! A- {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。- M9 s; J: V1 U. v/ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。4 K- W3 Z3 P8 }
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7 E& x6 ?7 ]" ` y0 p( K" ]3 G5 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) B$ Q2 M' {4 F# W; H! ?1 E$ q
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" K/ I3 o! q3 L. a1 c% C( Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：8 \5 R. @" V0 @% _7 ^, Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 j5 e: Q3 e% \) y% w; \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 z# U% K7 Y: L6 A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。 d- A( l1 A: X/ {: h5 r, J0 a/ f) W. g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个8 O: j2 v. }3 p& c8 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& v. W, d- ~) sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* M K0 Q; Y3 s8 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬 @9 |2 I4 W* q7 omso-font-kerning:0pt">”; W/ n t1 X$ k$ A w! P& r1 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为6 S+ J; d- K' B+ P
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1 k; t4 v3 t& a8 m* o2 h- r5 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。' b6 ^+ S" U S$ x/ C
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的# `$ @2 S; | [
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/ @/ y2 Y0 c9 D' n P2 J g: cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思) d0 q! W6 K- ~& c9 b& Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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